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Windows Networking
Universal Naming
Convention (UNC) - Universal network pathname which is integrated into Win95.
Named as \\computername\sharename. The \\computername will be the name given
to your computer in the network properties screen. The \sharename will be
the name you give to a directory when you share it.
Browse Master
- A computer on the network which is designated to maintain an active list
of all computers in the workgroup. Win95 can be designated as having the Browse
Master disabled (cannot be a browse server), enabled (will be a browse server)
or automatic (will become a browse server if necessary). In a client/server
environment, it is best to keep the Browse Master disabled as it has been
known to cause conflicts with servers acting as the Browse Master.
Security levels
Share-level security
- Used in Windows 95 to share resources. A password is needed to access the
resource.
User-level security
- Used in Windows NT to share resources. When you attempt to access a shared
resource, the server will make sure your user account has been authorized
to access the resource. User-level security can be implemented in Windows
95 if specified in the Network Properties menu under the Access Control tab.
Networking with
Novell Netware
Novell Netware
typically uses the IPX (AKA NWLink) protocol for network communications. Novell
Netware 4.11 has TCP/IP capabilties. Frame type describes the format used
to encapsulate IPX packets, and must be the same on connecting systems.
Novell Netware
by default does not support long file names. To enable long file names on
your netware server, enable OS/2 name space (HPFS).
Client for Netware
is needed for connecting to Novell Netware servers.
Client for Netware
uses NCP (Netware Core Protocol) as the redirector.
ODI is Novell's
version of NDIS.
File and Print
sharing for Netware is needed when sharing files to other Netware clients.
This requires user-level security for pass-through authentication to a Netware
server.
NetWare servers
advertise their services using the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) to make
broadcasts over the network. Routers will maintain a database of available
NetWare servers.
NetWare commands
syscon - administers accounting, file server, user and group information.
filer - configures volume, file, and directory information.
pconsole - manages NetWare print queues.
netadmin - manages NDS services.
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TCP/IP
TCP/IP is an
internet protocol currently used for most networking situations. Each computer
using TCP/IP will contain a unique address in a x.x.x.x format (where each
x equals a number between 0 and 255) and a subnet mask.
Subnet mask
- A value that is used to distinguish the network ID portion of the IP address
from the host ID.
Default gateway
- A TCP/IP address for the host which you would send packets to to be sent
elsewhere on the network.
Common TCP/IP
problems are caused by incorrect subnet masks and default gateways.
Win95 uses three
methods to resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses:
- broadcasts
- a computer will broadcast the NetBIOS name it is searching for across
the network. The machine with the mataching NetBIOS name will send a reply
to the broadcasting computer with its IP address.
- LMHOSTS -
a file normally located in the windows directory which contains a list of
frequently used IP address and hostnames.
- WINS (Windows
Internet Naming Service) - Win95 contacts an NT Server running these services
to dynamically resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses.
DHCP (Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol) - Win95 contacts an NT Server running this
service to automatically obtain an IP address each time it logs onto the
network.
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Server-Based
Setup
Windows 95
can use a server-based setup to be installed from a server. This will keep
most or all of the files on a server, which your PC will connect to upon
each boot.
Machine Directory
- directory on server which stores computer-specific configuration files
(system.dat, user.dat, .ini files, etc.) for a PC. Is mandatory to use when
the PC does not have a hard drive. Machine directory can be shared for multiple
PCs with the same configuration.
Shared installation
files can be stored in one of three places:
Startup disk - Boot disk which contains mini-registry which will give it
enough information to boot to the network/shared server.
Machine Directory
Shared installation directory - Contains all Win95 filesand is flagged as
read-only.
You can use
Batch.exe (located in the admin\nettools\netsetup directory on the CDROM)
to create batch setup scripts for use after the installation.
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Advanced Administration
User Profiles
- user preference settings which are stored locally or on the server, which
are reloaded to the system everytime the user logs in. The settings can
be specified to contain user preferences for the Start Menu, Network Neighborhood,
and the desktop settings. User Profiles can be enabled via the Passwords
Properties menu in the Control Panel.
Policies - settings
which are controlled by the administrator to control what the user is able
to do on their computer. To use policies, you must have User Profiles enabled.
Changes are made to Policies by using the System Policy Editor (Poledit.exe)
which is located on the Win95 CD. Policies can be setup for individuals,
groups, and also computers. Policies can be stored locally or on the server.
The default policy file is config.pol. To use this across the network, the
file must be placed in the NETLOGON share of the Primary Domain Controller
on a Windows NT network.
Net Watcher
- program which enables the administrator to remotely view a PC and view
the active connections, shares and open files. Is available when the net
watcher service installed in Network Properties. Does not require user-level
security.
Remote Registry
Editor - enables abililty to remotely edit the registry within regedit.exe.
Is only available if the PC has user-level security enabled, and the remote
registry service installed in Network Properties.
Remote Administration
- administration tool which enables the administrator to gain access to
a remote PC's file system. To use this, you must have Remote Administration
enabled in the Passwords Properties menu in the Control Panel under the
Remote Administration tab. To gain access to this utility, enter Network
Neighboorhood, right-click on the computer you would like to administer,
and click on Properties. In the next window, click the Administer button.
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